One of the most common procedures performed on asbestosis patients is thoracentesis. This involves the removal of the fluid that collects in the pleural area of the patient; that is, the area around the lining of the lungs. This excess fluid makes breathing difficult for the asbestosis patient. Thoracentesis is done under local anesthesia and accomplished by means of a thin needle inserted into the pleura. This can be done in a doctor's office or hospital and the patient can usually return home within a few hours. Complications can arise but are rare. Your doctor will tell you what to expect after the thoracentesis.

In the most severe cases of asbestosis, lung transplantation is suggested. A lung transplant replaces one or both diseased lungs with lungs from a deceased donor who had healthy lungs. Finding a donor lung can be a long and tedious procedure as tissue must match the recipient as closely as possible to lessen the chance of rejection.

The procedure must be performed in a hospital by a doctor that is experienced in performing this type of surgery. General anesthesia is administered and the surgery usually takes several hours. Patients will be put on a heart-lung bypass machine during the procedure. Chest tubes will be inserted and remain for several days so that fluid, blood, and air can drain so that the new lung will expand properly. The patient will need to take anti-rejection drugs after the surgery as well. Overall, however, the surgery is not complicated and has been performed at most major hospitals throughout the country. Some asbestosis patients report excellent results after lung transplantation.